This habitat type is described in Ireland, where the original name ‘turlough’ refers to the temporary bodies of water in karstic limestone areas: lakes are formed when karst hollows fill with groundwater and water advances into the depressions in the ground. When the water level falls, the water is absorbed into the karst hollows again and the lakes dry up. In the karstic limestone areas of...

These include, in particular, humus-fed (dystrophic) bog water bodies – brown-water lakes and bog ponds, whose water is acidic (pH 4–6) and quite dark due to the abundance of humic substances. However, in Estonia, this habitat type also includes particularly acidic (acidotrophic) mineral lakes with a strong inflow from forest or bog areas, and mixotrophic water bodies with soft brown water. Mostly...

The phytoplankton is rich in species in these lakes, but not very rich (moderate) in biomass, aquatic vegetation is dominated by elodeids – plants attached to the bottom whose inflorescence extends to the surface of the water. These are our best fishing lakes. In Estonia, this habitat type includes the high-nutrient (eutrophic) lakes with moderately hard water located in the depressions of moraine...

This habitat type includes both calcareous lakes with clear to bluish green water and lakes rich in lime and humic substances with yellow or brownish water. All of them are united by the abundance of charophytes. In Estonia, this habitat type is represented by the light-water spring-fed permanent lakes of the Pandivere Uplands (Lake Äntu Sinijärv and Lake Porkuni in Lääne-Viru County) and Lake...

There are no water bodies in Estonia that exactly correspond to this habitat type, because some of the characteristic species are rare in Estonia (American shoreweed (Littorella uniflora) only grows in the shallow brackish water bodies of Western Saaremaa) or we do not have them at all. In terms of other features, some larger Estonian lakes with moderately hard water can theoretically be...

In Estonia, this habitat type includes the low-nutrient (oligotrophic) lakes with clear light or bluish green water and semi-humic (semi-dystrophic) lakes with yellow or light brown water. The water of both is low in minerals and biogenic substances, but the semi-dystrophic bodies of water contain more humic substances and have richer biota. The bottom and shores of low-nutrient lakes are mostly...