Aerology studies the processes occurring in the near-surface atmospheric layer. To do this, atmospheric parameters are measured at various altitudes, thus studying the vertical profile of the atmosphere. Aerological measurements are typically carried out using a radiosonde, for example.

One of the initiatives of the European Union is the Copernicus programme, which focuses on the comprehensive monitoring of the Earth's environment and atmosphere and information sharing. This ambitious initiative was created to provide research, innovation and information to understand and protect our planet and its resources better.

According to § 49 1 of the Maritime Safety Act, the Estonian Environment Agency provides hydrometeorological services, including preparing ice forecasts and ice maps for Estonian marine areas. The Estonian Environment Agency represents Estonia’s national ice service in providing ice information for the Baltic Sea.

The tasks of the Estonian Environment Agency are to organise and manage a network of meteorological observations in Estonia, collect meteorological observation data and prepare weather forecasts for the territory of Estonia. The network of meteorological observations includes both in situ measurements and remote sensing measurements.

Remote sensing is an important tool in meteorological and environmental monitoring, allowing for the observation and collection of data on the atmosphere and Earth's condition from a distance. This technology uses satellites, drones, and sensors to gather information about the weather, air quality, forests, water bodies, and much more.

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